Bigger than Myself: Heroic Voices from ex-Yugoslavia

Unsung heroes, but human beings capable of influencing the course of political events and history: it is to them, to these civil heroes who often remain invisible and silent, to solidarity, and to the great ideals that today more than ever before are needed, that this exhibition is dedicated: “Bigger than Myself. Heroic Voices from Ex-Yugoslavia” curated by Zdenka Badovinac with Giulia Ferracci, to be held in Galleria 3 at the MAXXI the National Museum of 21st Century Arts from May 5 to September 12, 2021.

A composite and complex mosaic of almost one hundred works by over sixty artists from the former Yugoslav countries that tells not just the difficult story of a territory traversed over the centuries by wars, conflicts, and instability, but also describes the utopistic of a country – Socialist Yugoslavia – initially built on the idea of brotherhood between nations and unity among workers.

From the days of World War II to the drama of civil wars, from the processes of independence until more recent years, these artists come to terms with their history, reinterpreted through the gestures of those heroes who, in different ways and at different times, sacrificed their lives for others in the name of a higher ideal, “greater than them,” as the title of the exhibition tells us.

But the exhibition is more about the present than about the past, It speaks about our time of globalization, consumerism,  power based on new technology, environmental and refugees’ crisis. We live in times that are increasingly dominated by cynicism, by fear of the other, by consumerism, and by the dramatic consequences of a model of a hypercompetitive society that is increasingly individualistic, the exhibition “Più grande di me” aims to bear a message of peace, liberty, equality, brotherhood, and sustainability.

As Giovanna Melandri, President of Fondazione MAXXI says: “For many years, MAXXI has explored the artistic ferment that has grown behind the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern horizon, in areas where the historical wounds are yet to heal. It is the common thread of our research, a tool of “cultural diplomacy” that aims to offer, through the knowledge and dissemination of art, a possible reinterpretation of the past and a light with which to explore the future. This exhibition describes the artistic scene of a territory, shaken over the centuries by multiple upheavals. The voices and sensitivity of the artists exhibited here explore the deep entanglement between nationalisms and the torsions of extractive capitalism; they tell of another vision concerning the person and the community. Upon closer examination, they evoke a different, social, sustainable Europe, in which identities and cultures can coexist and enrich one another. Perhaps this is the challenge we should all be engaged in.”

Hou Hanru, MAXXI’s Artistic Director, stated: “This project is a new step of MAXXI’s continuous research focus on the interactions between Italy and the Mediterranean region, bringing further the manifestation of the dynamics that constantly form and reform the artistic cultural, and geopolitical space of what we call Europe, a mutating region that is key to restructuring of the globalized world”.

Zdenka Badovinac says: “For this exhibition, I conceived the concept that describes two forces that are “bigger than myself,” which means bigger than us, individuals. One is an idea, a value, for which one would be willing to die. It refers to heroism, to the question: “what are relevant heroic gestures today?” The other is about the global capital, a total power that dominates everything today.

It is true that the exhibition speaks primarily of this duality hidden in its title, the duality between the ideal and the pragmatic, but at the same time, it overcomes this duality by bringing into its narrative the third element. It should be emphasized here that both aspects, idealistic and pragmatic, are explicitly human. However, this is only apparently so, as the third force, a non-human voice, the voice of nature, is present throughout the exhibition”.

https://www.maxxi.art/en/events/piu-grande-di-me-voci-eroiche-dalla-ex-jugoslavia

Alain Badiou in Belgrade

Alain Badiou is one of the most inventive and compelling French philosophers. He visited Belgrade on multiple occasions where he gave lectures and interviews. In the videos below, Alain Badiou discusses the four procedures of truth. As exposed in his book The True Life directed at today’s youth, he considers that true life is: “A life that does not limit itself either to obedience or the satisfaction of immediate impulses. A life in which the subject constitutes herself as a subject. For me there are four domains in which truth manifests itself, what I call the four procedures for the construction of truth: art, love, politics and science. My wish for the youth is that they traverse these four conditions: to encounter art in all its forms; to be loving in fidelity, and for a long time; and to participate in the political reconstruction of a world of justice, as against the world such as it is. And not to be as ignorant of science as they currently are, so that they do not leave it in the hands of technology or capital.”

Songs We Sang Before the Future

In summer 1962, the 8th World Festival of Youth and Students took place in Helsinki, bringing together more than fifteen thousand people from all around the world engaged with the struggle for peace and in solidarity with global liberation movements. Openly aligning with the socialist bloc, the festival happened during the most antagonistic period of the Cold War; with the mass movements of African decolonisation, the height of military bullying between superpowers, and the Sino-Soviet split. The summer of 1962 in Helsinki was a boiling point and the condensation of the principal contradictions of the Cold War. This publication opposes conceptual simplifications when dealing with the global political forces unfolding into cultural and artistic manifestations. These artistic mani fes-tations were broadly present during the festival and they expressed the need for envisioning new languages and a new world. The festival happened during an international momentwhen politics, especially for the militant youth, meant some-thing else than the mere representation of the party or state interests. The best way to picture this specificity is to look at one particular event within the festival that spoils the usual Cold War narrative. Presumptions remain subscribed to the main stream consensus that jazz played an important role in defending freedom outside of Western liberal capitalism.

With this book, we are giving a voice to a different sixties unburdened by Cold War ideology based on aggressive administration and bullying politics. By making a case for the act of free jazz musicians performing in the socialist festival, we intend to distort the liberal picture of the sixties. The testimonies we are reproducing and the concepts we are developing are evidence of the collective spirit of true international solidarity. What happened massively on the global conjuncture was happening locally on a smaller scale in Helsinki: the festival dedicated to peace was opposed with the counter-festival, dubbed as Young America Presents, secretly financed by the CIA as well as local conservative and anti-communist political actors.

Source

In Sound Alignments, a transnational group of scholars explores the myriad forms of popular music that circulated across Asia during the Cold War. From studies of how popular musical styles from the Americas and Europe were adapted to meet local exigencies to how socialist-bloc and nonaligned Cold War organizations facilitated the circulation of popular music throughout the region, the contributors outline how music forged and challenged alliances, revolutions, and countercultures.

It was the movie Most (The Bridge, 1969) by Yugoslavian director Hajrudin Krvavac that first served as the conduit for the crossover of “Bella ciao” to China. Along with Valter Brani Sarajevo (Walter Defends Sarajevo, 1972), also directed by Krvavac, The Bridge was one of the most popular films in late-1970s China. “A peng you zaijian,” which literally translates as “Goodbye, friend,” is the Chinese version of “Bella ciao,” widely considered the most famous song of the Italian resistance movement during World War II. It is a fascinating example of a song that traveled in different guises through many routes. It is often sung with clapping, for instance, but in the Chinese version, the clapping is verbalized with the syllable “ba” following “peng you zaijian” in the refrain. Tracing “Bella ciao” back in time, one does not find any definite point of origin. In the words of a historian who interviewed Italian partisans on their musical memories of World War II, “the history of ‘Bella ciao’ is like a novel without an ending, because there is no unique text but several variants that underwent many transformations and interweave with multiple individual and collective stories.” A hybrid vehicle of diverse sonic and textual materials ranging from rice field labor songs to children’s games, it has been translated into thirty languages and continues to be adapted by many protest movements to this day.

In fact, in spite of the widely held assumption that “Bella ciao” was sung by all partisans, during the war its diffusion was limited to central Italy in 1944–45. The brigades fighting in the north mostly sang “Fischia il vento” (The wind whistles), which was based on the melody of the Russian “Katyusha” and whose text included such lyrics as “the sun of tomorrow” and “red flag” that directly referred to socialism. In the early 1960s, “Bella ciao” was retrospectively chosen as the hymn of the resistance because it was a more inclusive song that “focused not on any particular army or brigade, but on a single man, a martyr of that continental tragedy that was Nazi fascism.” Moreover, its growing international fame and dissemination through the media also contributed to its canonization. When “Bella ciao” was performed by a choir of former partisans from Emilia Romagna at the World Festival of Youth and Students in Prague in 1947, in Budapest in 1949, and in Berlin in 1951, thousands of delegates from seventy countries joined in clapping hands and sang along. The Italian Young Pioneers Association, a leftist youth organization for children up to fifteen years old, sang it at their camps and at international youth gatherings. It was sung in both Italian and Russian by Muslim Magomaev, a famous Azerbaijani singer dubbed the “Soviet Sinatra,” starting in 1964. In the same year, two differently worded versions, the first originating among rice field workers in northwestern Italy and the second dating back to partisans, were included in the concert “Bella ciao” at the Seventh Festival of Two Worlds in Spoleto (Italy), a controversial event that brought folk songs to the national stage and was broadcast on television. Yves Montand’s interpretation in 1963 greatly contributed to its fame, paving the way for more recent versions, including those by Manu Chao, Goran Bregovic, and Marc Ribot and Tom Waits.

Source

Ivana Bago: Yugoslav Fanonism in Three (Exhibitionary) Acts: 1950/1972/1989

Monday, 24 May 2021

In March 1950, Pallais de Chaillot in Paris, the home of the National Museum of French Monuments, became the site of the exhibition L’art médiéval yougoslave, the first large-scale official presentation of Yugoslav art in the West after WWII. Under the guidance of writer Miroslav Krleža (1893–1891), the project evolved from a small-scale presentation of Serbian and Macedonian medieval frescoes into polemical revelation of the lost “South Slavic civilization” and an assertion of Yugoslavia’s place in world history following its 1948 expulsion from the Cominform. The lecture will consider this exhibition as the prime case of Yugoslav Fanonism, a declaration of Yugoslav cultural and political autonomy vis-à-vis both the East and the West, which heralded Yugoslavia’s position in the Non-Aligned Movement in the following decade. Two other exhibitions – a conceptual curatorial intervention Postal Packages (Zagreb, 1972) and a pan-Yugoslav gathering of artists under the name Yugoslav Documenta (Sarajevo, 1989) – will be revealed as evidence of the persistence of such Yugo-Fanonist declarations, even in the radically altered historical conjunctures of the 1970s and the1980s. Together, the three exhibitions form a kind of dialectical triangle, a thesis, a negation, and a (failed) synthesis, illuminating the key points of Yugoslav historical destiny.

https://www.igorzabel.org/en/news/2021/Ivana-Bago-Fanonism

A Museum in Exile: Solidarity with the People of Palestine

The International Art Exhibition in Solidarity with Palestine was inaugurated in Beirut (Lebanon), March 1978, and was intended as the seed collection for a museum-in-exile. Inspired by the Museum of Resistance in Exile in Solidarity with Salvador Allende, the deposed Chilean president, the collection took the form of a traveling exhibition that was meant to tour until it could “repatriate” to historic Palestine. Organized by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), comprising almost 200 works donated by 200 artists from nearly 30 countries, the exhibition remains one of the most ambitious, in scale and scope, to have ever been showcased in the Arab world until this day. Tragically, during the Israeli siege of Beirut in 1982, sustained shelling destroyed the building where many of the works were stored as well as the exhibition’s archival and documentary traces.

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Source: http://learnpalestine.politics.ox.ac.uk/uploads/sources/588da8858e641.pdf

Border Crossings North and South Korean Art

Kunst Museum Bern 30.04.2021 – 05.09.2021
The title of the new exhibition, “Border Crossings”, reflects the fact that the Korean border is a prohibited zone for Korean citizens from both sides. Crossing this border means making a long detour, usually via China – or, in this case, via Bern.
The exhibition allows the public a close look at the Korean Peninsula, divided since 1953. A 250-kilometre border of barbed-wire fences and anti-tank barriers divides Korea into two states which could not be more different from one another. Equally divergent is the art produced simultaneously in the two countries.
What makes the Korean situation special from an art-historical perspective is the concurrent existence of the vital contemporary art scene in South Korea and an undiminished cultivation of the tradition of socialist-realist painting in North Korea. Diametrically opposed artistic attitudes are able to coexist, reflecting the irreconcilability of the political systems and striking differences in the two populations‘ way of life.

The Working Class Is Off To Paradise (For May 1st)

The story takes us into the everyday lives of five former employees of the industrial giants in Zrenjanin, Serbia. Created in the form of a documentary drama the film gives a fresh insight into the fates of the forgotten heroes of the working class – people, who have overcome time, the system, the transition and poverty, and whose tragic life stories are new, modern, authentic and lasting.

Yugoslav architect Svetlana Kana Radević is saluted at the Venice Architecture Biennale

Svetlana Kana Radević portait
Kana on the Montenegrin coast, above Jaz – personal archive

“Svetlana Kana Radević, a socialist Yugoslav architect who effortlessly moved between and drew influence from Philadelphia, Tokyo, and the Montenegrin capital city of Podgorica over the course of her celebrated career is the subject of a comprehensive exhibition opening May 22 at the Palazzo Palumbo Fossati as one of 17 collateral events at the 17th Venice Architecture Biennale.”

https://www.archpaper.com/2021/04/yugoslav-architect-svetlana-kana-radevic-is-saluted-at-the-venice-architecture-biennale/

https://kanaradevic.me/biography/

Architect Svetlana Kana Radević, architectural drawing, Hotel Zlatibor, Užice, architect’s archive
Hotel Podgorica drawing, architect Svetlana Kana Radević, drawing from architect’s personal archive owned by the family

Dissent of Zenitism – A Tribute

Artistic, Programmatic, Aesthetic, Political and Existential Critique of the World

The journal Zenit (Zenith) was a Yugoslav avant-garde review of new art and culture, initiated in 1921 by the poet and critic Ljubomir Micić. Until 1923, it was published in Zagreb, and subsequently in Belgrade. Zenit was sharply criticised, prohibited even, and accused of being Bolshevik propaganda agitating for social revolution. In 1926 after forty-three issues, the review was proscribed by the authorities.

During its relatively brief and controversial history, Zenit sought to convert negation into affirmation, to introduce experimental artistic creation, and to exploit all forms of contradiction and antinomies – described by Micić as “abstract metacosmic expressionism.” All of his ideas were summarized in the manifesto centred on the figure of the Balkanic/Slavic barbarogenius who defies the decadence of Western Europe. Its use of the term ‘revolutionary’, and antibourgeois, antitraditional, anticlerical, and antiacademic stance were the means by which Zenitism demanded total change in art and the world. This revolt against traditional middle-class values and their restrictive cultural and social criteria was a feature it shared with the European avant-garde. Zenit attempted to articulate a program that would lead to the formation of a movement with distinctly sociopolitical implications. By publishing articles in their original languages – Russian, German, French, English, Hungarian, Flemish, Italian, Czech, Bulgarian and Esperanto – Zenit was operating in an international context as a recognised member of the European reviews that promoted the idea of “Zenitism as a Balkan totalizer” of a new life and new art.

“Europe can only be born again, fertilized by raw power and new seeds, and certainly not be reborn itself from itself. […] Balkanization of Europe, in brief, means: the formation of a new type of culture and man with the stamp of Balkan ethics and Balkan direct humanity – which still means: creating a culture of life and not a culture of lies and paper – creating new life and in that life a new culture for all and not for the privileged, not for libraries, galleries and museums. […] Barbarogenije is a carrier of no sentiment, but of raw vitality – pure faith – unadulterated soul – with an open and good heart, which is full of all-human love, we and Russians introduce into the new life of the new humanity.” Ljubomir Micić – Zenit. no. 21. (Feb. 1923)

All issue of Zenit can be found here

Walking on Thorns – Thoughts on the Art World Today

Josh Kline, Desperation Dilation

As consumers, capitalism grooms us to live in the present. Contemporary electoral politics — especially as practiced in the United States — and contemporary twenty-four-hour news media also try and trap our imagination in the present. The past and future, history and long-term imagination, are all obliterated or obscured — crushed by short-term thinking. William Gibson has begun calling the combined onslaught of catastrophes — ecological, pathogenic, military, economic, etc. — that will come raining down in the twenty-first century “The Jackpot” — a slot-machine future that comes up all skulls. Once you see the growing world crisis gathering momentum around us, it’s hard to avoid asking where today’s conditions lead. Boomers may only have a few years left among us, but the generation entering adulthood now will see most of the century. For people who have a strong chance of being here mid-century, this is personal. As an artist, I’m equally as interested in describing and depicting our own era as I am in speculating about where it might lead. I’m not fixated on realism. My work is firmly situated across the border in the world of fiction. Grappling with how people in the future will view our present when it becomes their past is a very useful exercise — especially for Americans. The present moment will end and become something else.

Josh Kline – https://flash—art.com/2020/10/conversation-with-josh-kline/

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Possibly for the first time since the fall of the Berlin wall, there is serious global debate on why and how neoliberalism has failed us, and on what alternatives lay ahead.  What we have learned beyond doubt form the present crisis is that the neoliberal rule amounts to power without responsibility: if there is a shipwreck, the commander uses his/her privilege to step down first, not last, from the sinking boat. And that the safe spaces of the happy few are guaranteed, and eventually paid by, the personal risk and sacrifice of the most vulnerable and marginal. This is not just what happens in the outside world, though. The safe space of the art institution itself, again, is not equally safe for everybody working in it, as eloquently shown by the massive layoffs of museum professionals and workers, instantly deployed even by museums with huge financial endowments for which no concrete issue of financial meltdown was at stake. This opens up a dilemma: can art really keep on reasoning in terms of safe spaces in times like these? Can it afford to dwell on issues of social injustice, violence and abuse without taking any commitment or responsibility toward the victims? Can art institutions maintain their social credibility when they mechanically apply to their own employees the same brutal neoliberal logic they customarily attack when it comes to the practices and choices of the political or corporate world? The social relevance and credibility of contemporary art institutions today eventually relies upon their capacity to transform themselves from safe spaces for privileged minorities to inclusive spaces. But what does this mean in practice? For instance, it means escaping from what one could call the philanthropy trap. In many circles, arts patronage is an exquisite form of philanthropy that pays well in terms of promotion of social image, savvy fiscal management and sophisticated lobbying. Before the crisis, global competition among major contemporary art museums worldwide increasingly looked like a global arms race, where securing the latest, biggest productions from blue chip names was the only way to stay on the cutting edge. In this context, falling into the philanthropy trap is not an option, it is a necessity if one wants to stay in the race. The consequence is that any kind of social critique taken from such a position of complacency toward big donors sounds completely groundless, paves the way to innumerable conflicts of interest, and reinforces the conviction that, at the end of the day, art and its institutions are basically the objective correlative of privilege. Moving toward inclusion does not mean inviting more people into the club for a quick sneak peek, to offer them a unique opportunity of illumination. It rather means changing the hierarchy of the priorities, and putting social relevance and responsibility at the top.

Pier Luigi Sacco – https://flash—art.com/2020/11/circling-the-square-art-and-inequality-taken-seriously/
Christopher Wool, Felix Gonzalez-Torres Untitled (The Show Is Over)

Unlike the formal economy, this missing mass or dark matter consists of informal systems of exchange, cooperative networks; communal leisure practices; conduits for sharing gossip, fantasy anger, and resentments; and even the occasional self-organized collective that may or not be politically motivated. Within this dark universe, services, goods, information, and in some cases outright contraband are duplicated and distributed, sometimes in the form of bartered exchange and occasionally as gifts that circulate freely, thus always moving and benefiting a particular network or informally defined community. All of this is disconnected, or only partially connected, from the mainstream market. For capitalism to acknowledge this missing mass would require a radical re-definition of the concept of productivity.

Gregory Sholette – ‘Swampwalls Dark Matter & The Lumpen Army of Art’, Proximity, no 1

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No public image should benefit from impunity, for whatever reason: alogo belongs to public space, since it exists in the streets and appears on
the objects we use. A legal battle is underway that places artists at the forefront: no sign must remain inert, no image must remain untouchable.Art represents a counter-power. Not that the task of artists consists in denouncing, mobilizing or protesting: all art is engaged, whatever its nature and goals. Today there is a quarrel over representation that sets art and the official image of reality against each other.

Nicolas Bourriaud – Postproduction

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Our power of resistance and invention requires that we renounce our delights in the margins, in obliqueness, in infinite deconstruction, in the fragment, in the trembling exposition of mortality, in finitude, and the body. For the sake of the poor century which is opening, we must, and thus we will, declare the existence of what no longer exists in art: the monumental construction, the project, the creative force of the weak, the destruction of established powers.

We should oppose all those who only want the end, those cohorts of the burned-out and parasitical last men. The end of art, of metaphysics, of representation, of imitation, of transcendence, of the oeuvre, of spirit: enough! Let us declare at once the End of all the ends and the possible beginning of all that is, of all that was and will be.

Against its present decline into inconsistent multiplicity and an energy which is immoral, uncontrolled, and-if it succeeds-fundamentally non-human, the vocation of art, in all its forms, is to reaffirm affirmation.

Let us declare again, on behalf of humanity, the artistic rights of the truly non-human. Let us again accept being transfixed by a truth (or a beauty: it’s the same thing), rather than calculating to the nearest penny the minor modes of our expression.

It’s a matter of affirming. And this is why this draft is a manifesto of Affirmationism.

Alain Badiou – ‘Third Sketch of a Manifesto of Affirmationist Art’, in Polemics (translated by Barbara P. Fulks)